Concepts in Biochemistry, Chapter 10
1.
Label the bases by entering the corresponding letter:
___ Guanine
___ Adenine
___ Cytosine
___ Thymine
___ Uracil
Answer:
2.
All of the following are true of the differences between DNA and RNA except:
A.
RNA utilizes uracil (U) in place of thymine (T).
B.
RNA has a 2'-OH whereas DNA does not.
C.
The nucleotides in DNA are linked 3'-5' by phosphodiester bonds but in RNA they are linked 2'-5'.
D.
DNA is usually double stranded and RNA is usually single stranded.
E.
There is more RNA than DNA in the cell.
3.
DNA secondary structure is a right-handed double helix with a sugar phosphate backbone on the outside and paired bases (A-T, G-C) on the inside. Which of the following are true?
A.
The two strands are parallel.
B.
Van der Waal's forces between stacked bases destabilizes the structure.
C.
The 2 strands are parallel.
D.
A, B, and Z-DNA forms are present in nature.
E.
Only the B-DNA form is present in nature.
4.
The hyperchromic effect refers to the increase in the UV absorption of DNA. This is a result of:
A.
Annealing
B.
Melting of DNA
C.
B to Z-DNA conversion.
D.
Increased hydrogen bonding between strands.
5.
RNA also has some structure. These include all of the following except:
A.
Hairpin turns
B.
Internal loops and bulges
C.
B-helix
D.
Right-handed double helix
E.
Cloverleaf structure
6.
Enter a "T" or an "F" to indicate whether the following statements about nuclease function are true or false.
___ Deoxyribonuclease works only on RNA
___ Ribonuclease works only on DNA
___ Exonuclease removes terminal nucleotides
___ Endonucleases recognize and cleave specific base sequences
___ Restriction endonucleases cleaves internal phophodiester bonds
Answer:
7.
Viruses are an example of nucleic acid-protein complexes. Viruses specific for bacteria are called __________, the majority of which have their genetic material in the form of __________. The plant virus TMV carries its genetic material in the form of __________. Human viruses such as HIV and Rous sarcoma virus are called __________ because they require a specific enzyme to decode their RNA genome.
Answer:
8.
In order to package the 3x10
9
nucleotides of DNA into the nucleus, the DNA is wound around histones. These are proteins that bind to the DNA. The interaction of histones and DNA involves:
A.
A/T, G/C pairing between histones and DNA
B.
H-bonding between arginine and lysine residues and the DNA phosphate backbone
C.
Basic residues of the histone and the phosphate backbone of DNA
D.
Proteolysis
9.
Small snRNPs are involved in:
A.
Translation
B.
mRNA processing
C.
Transcription
D.
Catalysis of peptide bonds
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